Secret, Don't Tell: The Encyclopedia of Criminal Hypnosis #

Detailed Timeline of Main Events #

Ancient Times - 1500 BC: #

• Ancient Civilizations (Egypt, Chaldea, Abyssinia): Sophisticated induction methods and trance management skills were used. Bas-relief on a tomb at Thebes shows a priest inducing hypnosis. Chaldean magicians manipulated trance subjects, and Abyssinian fakirs used hypnotic techniques to enslave people.

1493: #

• Birth of Paracelsus: He is recognized as the first person to scientifically describe and define unethical hypnosis, distinguishing between "white magic" (benevolent medical use) and "black magic" (exploitative control).

1700s: #

• Emergence of Mesmerism in France: Mesmer and his disciples introduce "animal magnetism," believing it involves an invisible magnetic fluid and can cause irrepressible sexual desire in women, leading to "crises." Induction techniques are developed to maneuver female subjects toward expected sexual arousal.
• 1787: Posthypnotic Suggestions Described.
• 1790: Luys Invents First Mechanical Induction Devices: This includes the metronome and a hypnodisc with spinning lights.

Late 1700s: #

• Marquis de Puysegur's Contributions: Debunks Mesmer's beliefs about erotic abandon and "crises." Discovers and defines "artificial somnambulism" (later renamed hypnosis by Braid). Develops a new understanding of trance phenomena and medical applications, creating the first psychological theory of hypnosis. He emphasizes using rapport for good and his students adopt a quiet, medical style of trance management.

1807: #

• Transfer of Rapport Described by Puysegur: The ability to shift control of a somnambulist from one hypnotist to another through verbal suggestion is documented.

1815: #

• Death of Franz Anton Mesmer: His disciples spread mesmerism globally, some as scientific hypnosis, others as spiritualism or to call up spirits. Mesmer's work shifts the focus from magic/religion to scientific understanding of hypnosis, initiating "dynamic (unconscious) psychiatry."

Early 1800s: #

• 1823: First Childbirth Under Formal Hypnosis.
• 1825: The term "Hypnosis" is First Used: Key hypnotic phenomena like anesthesia, analgesia, hallucinations, catalepsy, regression, and posthypnotic suggestion are identified and experimented with.

Mid-1800s: #

• 1837: John Elliotson Begins Campaign for Scientific Study of Hypnotism.
• 1841: James Esdaile's Surgical Hypnosis in India: Uses prolonged mesmeric stroking and suggestions to induce deep trances for major surgeries, serving as the sole anesthetic. He experiments on a prisoner, inducing deep trance, automatism, and amnesia, making him an unknowing hypnoprogrammed subject.
• 1858: Dr. Azam's First Attempt at Artificial Personality Splitting: A French doctor tries to create a "dual 'I'" using hypnosis.

Late 1800s: #

• 1866: Dr. Liebeault Defines Suggestion and Suggestibility: He analyzes depth stages of trance, defining next-to-deepest by mild amnesia and deepest by spontaneous complete amnesia.
• 1879: Wilhelm Wundt Opens First Psychological Laboratory: This event marks the beginning of the new science of psychology in Leipzig, Germany.
• 1880: Multiple Personality Becomes a Hot Topic: Hypnotists know how to artificially create this condition.
• 1886: Bernheim Publishes "Suggestive Therapeutics": Popularizes self-hypnosis and positive self-suggestion.
• 1894: Publication of "Trilby" by DuMaurier: This novel exposes the sordid facts of hypnotic exploitation to a mass readership, raising public awareness of abusive hypnosis. It winds up a century of European hypno-abuse, particularly of young women in theater.
• 1894: Legal Case of Ceslav Lubicz-Czynski: A disreputable psychic healer is reported for using "Psychic Transfer" and a chronically abused female medium/lover.
• 1897 (January): Death of Spurgeon Young: A 17-year-old black male dies after six months of repeated deep trances induced by "amateurs and irresponsible... operators." The coroner investigates his suspicious death.

Early 1900s: #

• 1902: August Forel Publishes Three-Stage Depth Analysis: This analysis of trance stages is widely adopted.
• 1902: Stephane Leduc's Electro-Induction Experiments: A French scientist announces he has put animals to "sleep" using alternating current through their heads, marking the beginning of crude electro-induction machines.
• 1903: Bramwell's Monotonous Monologue Induction: His method becomes a medical standard, using sensory deprivation to induce trance.
• 1907: Electro-Induction on Humans: Similar to Leduc's animal experiments, electric baths are used to induce hypnosis in humans.

1910s: #

• 1916-1926: Ferenczi's Freudian Hypnosis Research: Hypothesizes that hypnosis reactivates a childlike persona in the unconscious, characterized by dependency and Oedipal cravings toward the hypnotist.
• 1917-1963: Dr. Ferenc A. Volgyesi's "Faraday Hand": In Hungary, Volgyesi hypnotizes people using a mitt with a mild electric shock.

1920s: #

• 1923: Coue's "How to Practice Suggestion and Autosuggestion" Published: Popularizes Bernheim's ideas and provides practical self-hypnosis methods.
• 1920s: A.R. Luria's Artificial Neurosis Research: Continues Pavlov's work, experimenting on humans to create a "complete imperativeness" in the unconscious through deep hypnosis and suggested amnesia.

1930s: #

• 1933: Hull's First Scientific Study of Hypnotic Susceptibility Spectrum: Measures response to standardized induction.
• 1936: P. Brotteaux Reports Scopolamine and Chloralose Use for Hypnotic Suggestibility.
• 1936: Sodium Pentothal Synthesized and Used as Intravenous Anesthetic.
• 1936: Walter Bergen and Accomplice Jailed for Criminal Hypnosis: This case involves Mrs. E.
• 1937: Dr. Ludwig Mayer's "Das Verbrechen en Hypnose und seine Aufklaringsmethoden" Published: Describes Mrs. E's case, including a summary of Zebediah's case.
• 1937-1938: Moscow Show Trials: Communist leaders confess to unlikely crimes, believed by some to be due to drug-hypnosis.
• 1938: Cerletti and Bini Introduce Electroconvulsive Shock Treatments (ECT): Hundreds of experiments follow, seeking to control the amnesia effect.

1940s: #

• World War II Era:1942: P.L. Harriman's Research on Multiple Personality: Implants conflicts under deep hypnosis and conceals them with amnesia in ten subjects.
• 1942: Donovan Forms Committee to Investigate Drugs for Interrogation: The OSS investigates drug-hypnosis.
• 1943: George Estabrooks Publishes "Hypnotism": Urges government use of unknowing hypnoprogrammed agents.
• 1943: Horsley's "Narco-Analysis" Published: Becomes a standard text on barbiturate use in hypnotherapy.
• 1943: Grinker and Spiegel Publish "War Neuroses in North Africa": Documents narcohypnosis use to treat combat-traumatized veterans.
• 1944: Gestapo in Hungary Uses Drug-Hypnosis for Interrogation: With the aid of hypnotist Volgyesi.
• 1944: Grinker and Spiegel Publish "Special Report: Conference on Narcosis, Hypnosis, and War Neuroses."
• 1945: Grinker and Spiegel Publish "War Neuroses."
• 1945: Truman Shuts Down OSS: Foreign spying functions are transferred, declaring the U.S. will no longer operate covertly overseas.
• 1945: Fewer than 200 U.S. Professionals Use Hypnosis.
• 1947: J.M. Schneck Publishes "A Military Offense Induced by Hypnosis": Reports a case of a soldier committing an offense due to hypnotic suggestion, highlighting automatistic obedience not cued by experimenter expectations.
• 1949: Hungarian Government Puts Cardinal Mindszenty on Trial: His public confession to treason is believed by the CIA to be a result of psychological stress, drugs, and hypnosis.
• 1949: S.M. Korson Reports Successful Treatment of Neurosis with Narcosynthesis and Electroshocks.
• 1949: Dr. Janis (Rand Corporation) Urges Mind Control Research: Suggests "drugs, hypnotism, hypno-narcoanalysis, electric and drug shock" and ECT. Rockefeller and Macy Foundations fund Menninger Clinic to research hypnosis.
• 1949 (October 29): Palle Hardwick Released from Horsens Prison: His freedom activates Nielsen's hypnotic suggestions for bank robbery.
• 1949: J.G. Watkins' "The Hypnotherapy of War Neuroses" Published: Pioneers barbiturate drugging as a route to the unconscious in America.

1950s: #

• 1950: Soviet and U.S. Governments Begin Funding Psychic Powers Research.
• 1950: CIA Organizes BLUEBIRD Program: Morse Allen, director, takes a course from a stage hypnotist and begins hypnosis experiments on agency staff, later seeking subjects for "terminal experiments" that go beyond ethical limits.
• 1950 (August 21): Palle Hardwick's First Failed Bank Robbery: His unconscious resistance prevents him from carrying out Nielsen's plan.
• 1951: Palle Hardwick Commits Second Bank Robbery and Murders: He is arrested, and witnesses implicate Nielsen. Dr. Reiter enters the case.
• 1951: CIA Psychiatrist Reports ECT Can Cause Amnesia: Morse Allen asks to test post-ECT "groggy" period for hypnotic control. A CIA memo suggests they could "brief a prisoner...dispatch him on a mission and successfully debrief him on his return without his recollection..."
• 1952: Palle Hardwick and Nielsen's Court Hearing: Police seat them together, allowing Nielsen to reinforce old conditioning in Palle.
• 1953: Dr. Ewan Cameron's Depatterning and Repatterning Concept: Presents his theory of using electroconvulsive shock and "psychic driving" (forced listening to taped messages) to blank and reprogram minds, mentioning the use of sleeplessness, barbiturates, and hypnosis.
• 1953: CHATTER Program Ends: Officially declared a failure in its goal of mind control.
• 1954: Morse Allen Hypnotizes Office Secretaries: Tests if hypnotically induced amnesia can withstand torture, causing one to "shoot" a friend with an unloaded pistol.
• 1954: CIA Gives Soviet Agent "A" Treatment: Barbiturate, stimulant, and suggested amnesia lead to the agent confiding in an interrogator perceived as his wife.
• 1954: Soviet Defector Petrov's Revelations Shake Eisenhower: Lieutenant General Doolittle urges "more ruthless" intelligence methods.
• 1954: Allen Dulles Shifts Hypnosis Research to Sid Gottlieb's MKULTRA: Alden Sears begins experiments on creating separate personalities and amnesic agents.
• 1150s: CIA Memos Outline Ambitious Mind-Control Research Goals: Including identification of susceptible personalities, creating durable amnesia, and implanting useful posthypnotic suggestions.
• 1957: George Estabrooks' "Hypnotism" (New Edition) Published: Discusses disguised induction, amnesia, sealing, waking hypnosis, and artificial personality splitting, stating that "A nation fighting with its back to the wall is not worried over the niceties of ethics."
• 1958: Seymour Fisher (Rand Corporation) Predicts Drugs Will Aid Hypnotic Behavior Induction.
• 1959: Brainwave Synchronizer Invented: A machine that aids hypnotic induction by emitting repetitive electric signals in alpha or theta range.
• 1959: First Hypnosis Susceptibility Scales Published: Enable systematic prediction of hypnotic response.
• 1959: Marcuse's "Hypnosis: Fact and Fiction" Published: Cites military hypnosis experiments as "unethical" and "a dirty mess."

1960s: #

• 1960: CIA's Technology and Science Director Launches "Field Experimentation" in Counterintelligence: Aims to rapidly induce hypnosis in unwitting subjects, create durable amnesia, and implant useful posthypnotic suggestions.
• Early 1960s: Candy Jones Recruited by CIA (Gilbert Jensen): Begins involvement in mind-control experiments, including personality splitting, telephone induction, and torture experiments.
• 1961: State v. Levitt Case: New Jersey Supreme Court overturns conviction of a hypnotist for lewdness, not directly related to hypnosis.
• 1965: "Espionage" Chapter in "Hypnosis Induction Technics" Appears: Describes a programming script for an agent with amnesia and resistance to unauthorized hypnosis.
• 1966: Taiwan Torture Experiments on Candy Jones Begin: Arlene persona relives cruel torture experiments.
• 1967: CIA Announces End of Mind-Control Testing and Destruction of Records: Jensen, however, continues overseas experiments on Candy.
• 1967: Johnson v. State Case: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals upholds a hypnosis conviction for sodomy, disregarding hypnotic influence.
• 1968: Candy Jones' Last Torture Trip to Taiwan.
• 1968: Flanagan Invents Device to Send Speech Directly into Brain: His patent is suppressed by the NSA under a national security order.
• 1969: Mirowitz v. State Case: Texas Board of Medical Examiners investigator exposes a "clinical psychologist" (hypnotist) for sexual maneuvers during therapy sessions.
• 1969: Operation Often Begins: A team of Agency scientists runs "bizarre and potentially far-reaching experiments in mind control," including the conditioning of a female subject, using disorientation, capacity regression, and aversive conditioning.

1970s: #

• 1970: Josephine Hilgard's "Personality and Hypnosis" Published: States that an imaginary childhood playmate is a marker for hypnotic susceptibility and a point of fracture for artificial personality-splitting.
• 1971: 20,000 Dentists, Physicians, and Psychologists Use Hypnosis Professionally.
• 1973: Candy Jones/Arlene Tells John Nebel About Torture Experiments.
• 1973: The NSA's Advanced Research Projects Agency Begins Mind-Reading Machine Work.
• 1973 (June/July): Basic Story of Candy/Arlene and the CIA is Clear.
• 1974: Seymour Hersh Reports on Operation Chaos in New York Times: Reveals illegal CIA spying on Americans. News also leaks about LSD given to unsuspecting customers.
• 1974: CIA Document #455 Reports on DOD Experimentation with CIA Sponsorship: Involving drugs for mind-control/behavior modification on human subjects.
• 1974 (August): Donald Bain Begins Writing Candy Jones' Story: Invited by John and Candy Nebel.
• 1975: Operation Shamrock (NSA surveillance) Terminated Under Ford Administration.
• 1976: Bain's Book on Candy Jones Published: Makes public the history of her hypnoprogramming and use as a CIA experimental subject.
• 1977: Daniel Schorr Calls NSA "One of the Deepest Secrets" in "Clearing The Air."
• 1977: George De Mohrenschildt, a mysterious figure linked to Oswald, is found dead: An apparent suicide during an interview for Epstein's book.
• 1978: Peter Watson's "War on the Mind" Published: Documents military uses and abuses of psychology, reporting 130 "institutes" in the US specializing in military psychology.
• Late 1970s: Stanford Research Institute Conducts Psychic Experiments for CIA.

1980s: #

• 1980: Official Texas Interest in Witness Hypnosis Begins: After the Chowchilla kidnapping, officers train at Law Enforcement Hypnosis Institute.
• 1981: United States v. Springston Case: Defendant pleads not guilty to bank robbery due to posthypnotic suggestion, resulting in a hung jury and plea bargain.
• 1981: U.S. Army Begins Study at Stanford Research Institute: Aims to systematize psychic phenomena for military use.
• 1982: James Bamford Publishes "The Puzzle Palace": A detailed report on the NSA.
• 1983: "Remote Viewing" Discovered: CIA's success becomes common knowledge.
• 1983: Udolf's "Forensic Hypnosis" Published: Denies the possibility of unethical hypnosis.
• 1985: Judge John Penn Rules CIA Not Required to Reveal MKULTRA Researcher Names.
• 1987: Jon Franklin Describes Brain's Unique Energy-Radiated Brainprint.
• 1987: "Secret ESP research is still being conducted" - Lee and Schlain.
• 1987: Author Observes Stage Hypnotist Bob Gale's Ethical Routine in Moscow, Idaho.
• 1988: CIA Settles Out of Court with Cameron's Patients: Pays $100,000 each with conditions of silence.
• 1988: Howard Rheingold Interviews "Mack" at Stanford Research Institute's Mind-Control Program: Mack warns of entering a revolutionary area and changing beliefs about reality through drugs, hypnosis, or psychotherapy.

1990s: #

• 1990 (July): Author Enrolls in Hypnotherapy Class in Seattle Suburb: Observes ethical challenges and practices in the field.
• 1991: Author Encounters "Friend" and Experiences Mind-to-Mind Trance Induction Attempt in Seattle.
• 1992: John St. Clair Akwei Files Lawsuit Against NSA: Alleges individual citizens are targeted by covert NSA agents using remote bioelectric monitoring.
• 1995: Rohypnol, "Date Rape Drug," Becomes Street Problem: Large quantities enter the U.S.
• 1996: Commission on U.S. Intelligence Community Reveals CIA's $2 Billion Slush Fund: Recommends greater disclosure of intelligence budget.
• 1996 (April-May): Nexus Magazine Reprints Akwei's Lawsuit Document.
• 1997: "Secret, Don't Tell" by Carla Emery Published: The author details her experiences researching mind control, including a frightening encounter with an NSA agent in 1996.

Cast of Characters #

Principal Authors/Researchers/Investigators: #

• Carla Emery: The author of "Secret, Don't Tell," who spent a dozen years researching mind-control technologies while living in hiding. She recounts personal experiences with mind-to-mind induction attempts and expresses a strong desire to expose the truth about unethical hypnosis.
• Donald Bain: Author who wrote "The Control of Candy Jones" (1976), documenting her experiences with CIA hypnoprogramming.
• T.X. Barber (Theodore Xenophon Barber): A former stage hypnotist turned academic, he became director of psychological research at Medfield State Hospital. He is presented as a proponent of hypnosis disinformation, claiming it doesn't truly exist and that people are only pretending or are naturally suggestible.
• Robert O. Becker, M.D.: A prominent research neurologist and surgeon whose work focused on the electrical and magnetic properties of the brain. He researched the effects of electric currents and magnetic fields on brain states, including trance induction, and conducted experiments on pain control through hypnosis and biofeedback.
• Albert D. Biderman: An Air Force psychologist and sociologist who worked for the CIA and was part of the Air Force Psychological Warfare Division, researching brainwashing techniques.
• Walter Bowart: Author of "Operation Mind Control," which detailed military and CIA hypnoprogramming. He interviewed eighteen men who claimed to have been hypnoprogrammed by the military.
• J. Milne Bramwell: An English medical hypnotist whose 1903 induction method, based on sensory deprivation and monotonous monologue, became a medical standard.
• Bryan M. Knight, M.S.W.: A Montreal psychotherapist and Secretary of Britain's National Council of Psychotherapists and Hypnotherapy Register. He advocates for the right of non-degreed individuals to practice hypnotherapy, highlighting ethical lapses among degreed professionals and the prevalence of disguised inductions.
• Dr. Ewen Cameron: Head psychiatrist at McGill University and a "cleared Agency consultant" for the CIA. He researched "depatterning" minds by electroshock and "repatterning" through "psychic driving" (forced listening to repeated messages), aiming for permanent, leak-proof amnesia.
• Alexander Cannon: An English medical hypnotist who wrote about unethical hypnosis and employed an "ugly induction method" using choking pressure on the jugular.
• Jean-Martin Charcot: A French doctor from the Salpetriere school remembered for persuading the French scientific establishment to investigate hypnotic phenomena seriously, though his theories about hypnotizability and hysteria were largely discredited.
• Dr. Paul L. Deyoub: From Central Arkansas Mental Health Services, he reported a case of bank robbery accidentally caused by hypnotic suggestion, challenging the idea that hypnosis cannot compel objectionable acts.
• Allen Dulles: An OSS agent who became Director of the CIA. He authorized MKULTRA, a major mind-control research program, after believing drug-hypnosis was used in Soviet show trials.
• Simeon Edmunds: Suggested protective sealing for individuals worried about their trance susceptibility, by having a trusted friend hypnotize and seal them.
• Milton H. Erickson, M.D.: A highly influential experimental hypnotist, famous for his "conversational disguised induction" and "chaperone induction" methods. He also conducted controversial "research" seemingly proving that unethical hypnosis was impossible, which the author describes as fabricated propaganda.
• George Estabrooks: A professor at Colgate University and a key figure in U.S. hypnoprogramming research, he advocated for the use of hypnoprogrammed spies by the military and police, coining the term "superspy." He discussed methods like disguised induction, amnesia, sealing, and artificial personality splitting.
• Franz Anton Mesmer: An 18th-century German physician who introduced "animal magnetism," a precursor to modern hypnosis. His theories involved an invisible magnetic fluid and "crises" in his patients, often with sexual overtones.
• Dr. Ludwig Mayer: A German psychiatrist who successfully uncovered the truth in the case of Mrs. E. in 1937, leading to the conviction of the hypnotists. He also included a summary of Zebediah's case in his book.
• John Marks: Author of "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate," which uncovered many CIA mind-control secrets. However, the author of "Secret, Don't Tell" suggests Marks changed his stance, downplaying the success of mind-control, possibly under threat or influence.
• Ivan Pavlov: A Russian physiologist famous for his work on classical conditioning. His research on excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain provided a scientific foundation for understanding the physiological basis of hypnosis and brainwashing, particularly the concepts of "transmarginal stimulation" and the "ultraparadoxical phase."
• Marquis de Puysegur: A disciple of Mesmer who refined the understanding of "animal magnetism," moving away from Mesmer's dramatic "crises" to a more subdued state he called "artificial somnambulism" (later hypnosis). He emphasized the role of suggestion and rapport.
• Dr. P.J. Reiter: A doctor involved in the Palle Hardwick case in 1951, attempting to deprogram Palle from Nielsen's influence. He believed in the physiological reality of hypnosis and its criminal applications.
• Andrew Salter: A research hypnotist and friend of Condon, known for introducing the term "conditions" for hypnotic subjects.
• Dr. J.M. Schneck: A Freudian psychiatrist and hypno-analyst who did research for the U.S. Army, reporting a case where a soldier committed a military offense due to hypnosis.
• Myron Teitelbaum: Author of "Hypnosis Induction Technics" (1965), which discussed the legal aspects of hypnosis and explicitly warned about the ease with which a skilled hypnotist could manipulate individuals for criminal purposes, including implanting false memories and using sealing techniques.
• Udolf: Author of "Forensic Hypnosis" (1983), which denied the possibility of unethical hypnosis and attributed any issues to the subject's lack of character, representing a significant shift towards discrediting victims of hypnotic abuse in the legal system.
• J.G. Watkins: An American military hypnotist who pioneered the use of barbiturate drugging as a direct route to the unconscious in America and demonstrated hypnotic control over military personnel, including the ability to induce them to divulge secrets and attempt murder.
• R.W. Wells (Raymond Wesley Wells): A researcher at Syracuse University specializing in criminal hypnosis during and after WWII. He established the posthypnotic induction cue as a critical element in exploitation and pioneered waking hypnosis, demonstrating that subjects could be made to believe they were poor hypnotic subjects while actually being highly susceptible.
• Louis Jolyon West: A long-time insider in military/intelligence mind-control research, starting his career studying brainwashing for the Air Force. He was chosen to do sanity evaluations for figures like Jack Ruby and Timothy McVeigh and conducted research on LSD, hypnosis, and dissociated states for the CIA.
• R.W. White: A psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrist during World War II, who believed that susceptibility to hypnosis depended on aptitude and unconscious needs for love, obedience, and an omnipotent figure.
• Spurgeon Young: A 17-year-old black male who died in 1897 due to complications from repeated, abusive deep trances induced by "amateurs." His case highlights the severe dangers of unethical hypnosis.

Victims/Subjects of Hypnosis and Mind Control: #

• Arlene: The aggressive, artificially-split personality of Candy Jones, created and programmed by Dr. Jensen for CIA experiments. She carried the emotional burden of the traumatic experiences Candy was forced to endure.
• Bente: Palle Hardwick's fiancée and later wife, who was subjected to Nielsen's manipulation, including being forced to have intercourse with him under hypnotic suggestion.
• Candy Jones: A prominent model and USO performer who was extensively hypnoprogrammed by the CIA (Dr. Gilbert Jensen) in the 1960s. Her case involved artificial personality splitting (creating Arlene), narcohypnosis, telephone inductions, and torture experiments as a courier.
• "David": A composite character representing the experiences of eighteen military men interviewed by Walter Bowart, who were unknowingly hypnoprogrammed by the U.S. Air Force.
• Mrs. E. (Anna Evan): A woman living in Heidelberg, Germany, who was hypnotically abused by Walter Bergen, tricked out of money, subjected to sexual abuse, and given hypnotic suggestions to murder her husband. Her case was instrumental in proving criminal hypnosis in court.
• Gabrielle Bompard: A young woman who was hypnotically coerced by her lover, Michel Eyraud, into participating in the murder and robbery of Gouffe in 1889.
• Joe: A pseudonymous individual who was "shanghaied" and brainwashed by the Army after resisting recruitment for his fighting skills. He received a chilling warning about the dangers of the author's mind-control research.
• "Mr. Kantor" (Zebediah): A "gentleman" who was hypnotically exploited by Adam, a "common man," to commit burglaries and then confess to the crimes himself. His case, described in Dr. Mayer's book, highlighted the dangers of amnesic hypnotic abuse.
• Lee Harvey Oswald: The accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy, portrayed in some theories as a "patsy" or a hypnoprogrammed individual, as suggested by Jim Garrison and Edward Jay Epstein's research.
• Nora O.: A woman in her early seventies who was hypnotically abused and sexually assaulted by her uncle from age three to eleven. She developed physical fear reactions to discussing abusive hypnosis.
• Palle Hardwick: A Danish prisoner in the 1940s who was extensively hypnoprogrammed by his cellmate, "guru" Nielsen, into becoming an amnesic "hypno-robot" to commit bank robberies and murder for the "Fatherland."
• Jack Ruby: The man who shot Lee Harvey Oswald. He later expressed a desire for a lie-detector test or truth serum, which some interpret as a hidden plea to uncover potential hypnoprogramming.
• Raymond Shaw: A fictional character from "The Manchurian Candidate," who is hypnoprogrammed to be an assassin. His nightmares reveal the repressed memories of his conditioning.
• Sirhan Sirhan: The assassin of Robert F. Kennedy, believed by some (including Simson-Kallas) to have been hypnoprogrammed to commit the murder.
• Paul Springston: A defendant in a 1981 case who pleaded not guilty to bank robbery, claiming he acted under posthypnotic suggestion, resulting in a hung jury.
• Trilby O'Ferrall: A fictional character from DuMaurier's novel, transformed from an independent woman into an obedient "hypno-tool" by the evil hypnotist Svengali.
• Spurgeon Young: A 17-year-old victim of severe hypnotic abuse in the late 19th century, who died from physical complications after being repeatedly put into deep trances and subjected to physical stress.

Hypnotists/Operators/Perpetrators: #

• Adam: The "low-class predator" who hypnotically exploited Zebediah, a "gentleman," to commit burglaries and then tried to frame him for the crimes.
• Walter Bergen: A "disreputable psychic healer" and hypnotist who abused Mrs. E. in Heidelberg, tricking her out of money, sexually assaulting her, and attempting to induce her to murder her husband.
• Dr. Burger: A pseudonym for a psychiatrist and pioneer in medical hypnosis who worked on government-sponsored experimental programs during WWII and with the CIA in the 1960s, notably as the "project's messiah" for mind-control experiments in Southern California.
• The Contra Man: An elderly man who attempted a seductive, mind-to-mind induction on the author during a waltz.
• Mr. D. and Mrs. D.: A couple, friends of the author's host "C," where Mr. D. is identified as an NSA agent with technology for remote bioelectric monitoring and mind-reading. Mrs. D. uses conversational induction techniques.
• "Friend": An individual who attempted a mind-to-mind trance induction on the author in Seattle.
• Bob Gale: A stage hypnotist observed by the author who conducted ethical performances, but also demonstrated knowledge of how to create amnesia and suggested that clinical psychologists might not believe cases of unethical hypnosis.
• Ivy: A "psychic" who used her mental skills for personal power, gathering devotees and targeting individuals she perceived as obstacles with manipulative presuggestions.
• Gilbert Jensen: A pseudonymous military psychiatrist who became Candy Jones's primary CIA hypnoprogrammer. He was instrumental in creating the Arlene persona and subjecting Candy to extensive and brutal mind-control experiments.
• Nielsen: The "guru" and cellmate of Palle Hardwick, who extensively hypnoprogrammed Palle into becoming an amnesic "hypno-robot" for criminal activities. He established a false religious framework around a "guardian spirit" named "X."
• "Reverend Martinez": The head of an unnamed organization, whose top assistant attempted a fifteen-minute "mind invasion" on Melina at a Whole Life Expo.
• Dr. Sacreste: A friend of Gabrielle Bompard's father, who hypnotized Gabrielle to induce emotional and sexual repression and extract private information about her affair.
• Svengali: The evil hypnotist from DuMaurier's novel "Trilby," who transforms Trilby into his obedient "hypno-tool." His name has become synonymous with a sinister, controlling figure.
• "Th.": A criminal hypnotist in the "Sala affair" who used his hypnotic skills to organize a "Magic Circle" gang, compelling underage girls into prostitution and male members to commit robberies and murders.
• Dr. Tien: A practitioner of "psychosynthesis" (electroshock method) who claimed to "cure" patients like Laura by implanting new personalities and beliefs, making them "good girls."
• Dr. Ferenc A. Volgyesi: A Hungarian hypnotist who aided the Gestapo in using drug-hypnosis for interrogation in 1944 and developed the "Faraday Hand" (a mitt with a kick for induction).
• Yen Lo: The fictional hypno-doctor from "The Manchurian Candidate" who hypnoprogrammed U.S. soldiers, demonstrating control over their minds and inducing them to commit violent acts.

Government Agencies and Programs: #

• Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA): Began in 1957 as a highly secretive network of defense scientists, industrial contractors, and university researchers focused on military defense-oriented research, including mind-reading technology.
• ARTICHOKE: An early CIA hypnosis research program, predating BLUEBIRD, which aimed to develop techniques for disguised induction, hypnotic memory training, and sealing.
• BLUEBIRD: A CIA hypnosis research program organized in 1950, directed by Morse Allen, focusing on risky experiments and "terminal experiments" beyond ethical limits.
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): A U.S. intelligence agency involved in extensive, secretive mind-control research (MKULTRA, BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, Operation Often), including drug-hypnosis, artificial personality splitting, and the use of unknowing agents.
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Hoover attempted to expand its intelligence-gathering into a worldwide team, competing with the CIA.
• MKULTRA: A long-lasting, complex, and lavishly-financed CIA program in mind-control research, authorized by Allen Dulles in 1953. It was exempted from normal financial controls and involved a wide range of unethical experiments.
• National Security Agency (NSA): A highly secretive U.S. intelligence agency with a long history of operating outside public oversight and legal constraints. It is heavily involved in signals intelligence (SIGINT), electronic mind-reading, and the suppression of inventions.
• Office of Strategic Services (OSS): A U.S. intelligence agency during WWII, authorized by President Roosevelt, for intelligence gathering and secret scientific research with military applications. It was later shut down by Truman.
• Operation Often: A CIA mind-control experiment that began in 1969, involving a team of Agency scientists conducting bizarre experiments, including the extensive conditioning and torture of a female subject using disorientation, capacity regression, and aversive conditioning.
• SIGINT (Signals Intelligence): A division of the NSA responsible for electronic intelligence gathering and advanced mind-control technologies, including remote neural monitoring and brainwave synchronization devices.

Other Notable Figures and Terms: #

• Anna O.: A patient of Breuer and Freud, whose case demonstrated the healing potential of expressing and integrating repressed traumatic memories ("abreaction").
• Corinne: A woman who experienced a therapist making suggestive and inappropriate remarks during a hypnosis session, leading her to terminate the treatment and raising concerns about the therapist's ethics.
• Geert-Jorgensen: A member of Nielsen's defense team who tried to dismiss hypnosis in the Palle Hardwick case, attributing Palle's actions to fabricating stories.
• John Nebel ("Long John" Nebel): Candy Jones's husband, a New York nighttime radio personality, who helped her recover memories of her CIA hypnoprogramming and tape-recorded her trance revelations.
• Melina: A "psychic" and former head teacher at the Berkeley Psychic Institute, who taught students how to block displacement and mind-reading attempts, and observed others attempting mind-to-mind inductions.
• Snowflake: The cook's little girl, who sometimes played with Jessica (Candy Jones) during winters when Jessica was not allowed school friends home.
• Titte: Nielsen's wife, who was aware of and presumably complicit in his hypnotic manipulation of Palle Hardwick.
• X: The pseudonymous "guardian spirit" that Nielsen invented to control Palle Hardwick, portraying himself as the conduit for divine orders, effectively acting as Palle's induction cue to deep amnesic trance.